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Introduction: Roadway departure (RwD) crashes, comprising run-off-road (ROR) and cross- median/centerline head-on collisions, are one of the most lethal crash types. According to the FHWA, between 2015 and 2017, an average of 52 percent of motor vehicle traffic fatalities occurred each year due to roadway departure crashes. An avoidance maneuver, inattention or fatigue, or traveling too fast with respect to weather or geometric road conditions are among the most common reasons a driver leaves...
Night natural ventilation systems have been receiving increased attention in recent years because of their energy saving potential and environmental protection when used in passive instead of active cooling. A novel system recently proposed for cooling the building concrete slab is studied numerically in the present work. The system relies only on night ventilation as a means for cooling down the structure of the building. It consists of a new type of suspended ceiling with a peripheral gap b...
Infrastructure asset management (IAM) has been increasingly becoming a key topic in the mind-set shift of the water sector managers and policy makers, allowing to assist in the operational, tactical and strategic decision-making in urban water infrastructures. Nevertheless, IAM implementation by the water utilities is still far from needed and not widespread, due to several challenges and constraints, mainly associated with limited human, technological and financial resources. The current res...
As afluências indevidas são identificadas como um dos principais problemas dos sistemas de águas residuais e pluviais, levando a diversos problemas de desempenho dos mesmos, como sejam a ocorrência de inundações, a diminuição da eficiência hidráulica e energética, entre outros. A atuação no controlo de afluências indevidas perspetiva oportunidades de melhoria do desempenho em várias dimensões incluindo a componente de eficiência energética. Neste artigo desenvolve-se esta temática numa perspe...
Designing for exceedance events consists in designing a continuous route for overland flow to deal with flows exceeding the sewer system’s capacity and to mitigate flooding risk. A review is carried out here on flood safety/hazard criteria, which generally establish thresholds for the water depth and flood velocity, or a relationship between them. The effects of the cross-section shape, roughness and slope of streets in meeting the criteria are evaluated based on equations, graphical results ...
Buildings with structural concrete elements associated to infill or resistant masonry walls, constructed, in their great majority, since the beginning of last century, have lately profited a considerable improvement of their durability characteristics, particularly to resist common climate actions. The climate change, and particularly the global warming, are expected to have impact on the durability and service life of these buildings, with premature degradation of materials and construction ...
New challenges to the performance of buildings heritage have emerged from the environmental effects of climate changes. Climatic factors affect the performance of buildings. The recent changes in the climate have been more marked than previously documented. This tendency is expected to continue in the near future, despite the measures that have been taken to mitigate global warming. Thus, the predicted and significant impact of this climate change on buildings will enforce their necessary ada...
When dealing with road safety in Africa, one should bear in mind that road safety problems need to be seen in their context as the solutions proposed to address them. While it is relevant to consider international good practices, African stakeholders should become owners of the interventions addressing their problems and take the responsibility for developing and implementing the appropriate solutions, taking advantage of suitable technical assistance, if needed. Based on these considerations...
The resilient response of the ballast layer is a key aspect for stress–strain behavior of rail track lines. This paper presents part of an extensive research that has been evaluating the possibility of using, with operational benefits, Inert Steel Aggregates for Construction (ISAC) as heavy haul railroad ballast material. Stress–strain analyses were performed by finite element method (FEM) whose pseudo-elastic parameters for nonlinear constitutive laws were obtained from resilient modulus tes...
Railway ballast plays an important role in the economic efficiency and sustainability of the rail transport. In this context, the morphology of its particles, in what regards the shape, angularity and surface texture, is critical and affects the mechanical performance of this aggregatematerial. Minimummechanical resistance requirements ensure that the material undergoes limited degradation and preserves optimal morphological parameters throughout its field use. Many current technical specific...
No presente relatório descrevem-se os procedimentos adotados pelo LNEC, no âmbito do estudo a efetuar para a concessão de um Documento de Aplicação (DA), relativo a revestimentos por pintura elastoméricos para rebocos de cimento e para betão aplicados em paredes exteriores de edifícios. Consideram-se as condições de exposição atmosférica no exterior sem a influência de ações químicas severas. Indicam-se, também, as ações a desenvolver periodicamente para comprovar que continuam reunidas as co...
Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are crucial to achieving the goals of the United Nations Agenda 2030 for sustainable development and other global agendas, such as the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. In the last decade, the NBS umbrella concept has become more relevant intending to contribute to urban resilience and to address the climate change challenges. NBS are living solutions inspired by nature that use or mimic natural processes intending to face several societal challenges, from the pe...
O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as principais contribuições da geotecnia e da era digital nos pavimentos e nas vias-férreas, com importância nas várias fases do ciclo de vida (projeto, construção, operação e manutenção). Neste contexto são apresentados aspetos da caracterização e modelação dos geomateriais e sua influência no desempenho dessas estruturas, através da demonstração de resultados de ensaios de laboratório e “in situ”. No que diz re...
The morphological evolution of the Tagus estuary inlet in the last century is analyzed in order to characterize its dynamics, explain its behavior and anticipate its future evolution. First, the evolution is characterized through a literature review, complemented by new data analyses. This review synthesizes the present understanding of the inlet’s dynamics and highlights some key questions that remain unanswered. To address these questions, a 2DH process-based morphodynamic model is implemen...
No âmbito da assessoria técnica para a "Análise e acompanhamento dos trabalhos de reabilitação para melhoria da situação ambiental envolvente aos furos de abastecimento de água do concelho de Praia da Vitória, Açores", que o LNEC tem vindo a prestar à Entidade Reguladora dos Serviços de Águas e Resíduos dos Açores (ERSARA) desde 2012, o presente contrato, CON-ERSARA/2019/3, visa dar seguimento ao estudo que vem sendo desenvolvido. O presente trabalho é relativo aos resultados obtidos no prime...
This study investigates the possibility of using agro-industrial wastes for building products, mainly focusing on their insulation properties. A classification of bio-wastes is provided, namely of the lignocellulosic ones and their features and properties are described. Information about three main topics is collected: world production and consumption of some crops already used as building materials, their chemical composition and their most studied properties. Since the considered materials ...
The presence in timber structures of signs of biological degradation (fungi and insects) is a frequent problem in old buildings and is strongly correlated with the moisture content of the timber resulting from the exposure to the surrounding environment. Reduction of mechanical performance is a typical result of these events with direct impact in the durability of the structure. The beams present in timber roofs and floors are traditionally supported in direct contact with masonry walls. Co...
Abstract The main motivation for this research is the growing awareness of the impact of climate change and the increasing relevance of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, aiming to contribute to the measurement of quantities like precipitation and rate of rainfall. This knowledge is widely used in hydrology, climatology and meteorology, providing data and information applied in modelling, pattern definition and recognition, and forecasting. This work is concerned with est...
O presente documento enquadra-se no projeto GO-LNEC - Capacitação para a Melhoria da Qualidade na Gestão Operacional do LNEC e tem como principal objetivo descrever o processo de gestão deste projeto, correspondente à candidatura n.º POCI-05-5762-FSE-000069, financiada pelo Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização do Fundo Social Europeu. O projeto, que se dividiu em dois subprojetos, de acordo com a estrutura definida no próprio aviso de candidatura, foi liderado pela vogal...
Este relatório apresenta a contribuição do LNEC na caracterização da situação de referência para o Plano Metropolitano de Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa no âmbito dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos. Neste primeiro volume faz-se um enquadramento geral da temática, a caracterização do estado actual dos abastecimentos, poluição e intrusão salina na generalidade da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa e para cada um dos respectivos concelhos.
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The LNEC Scientific Repository has the purpose of publicizing and allowing free access to the scientific production of its research community in the fields of civil engineering and related areas, promoting the sharing and visibility of scientific information and assuring the preservation of the institution's intellectual memory.
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